Samizdat Health Writers

A writers collective

Shipwreck: References and Sources

Guide to Sources

The references for Shipwreck lie in several different places. Many specific references to the material in Shipwreck set out in traditional format, are in the Healy books below:

  • The Antidepressant Era
  • The Creation of Psychopharmacology
  • Let Them Eat Prozac
  • Mania
  • Pharmageddon
  • Children of the Cure

These books also hinge on a set of Healy papers covering psychopharmacology and adverse event issues that can be found at and most downloaded from Samizdat.org\Shipwreck:HealyReferences.

On davidhealy.org a blog has been running since 2012 containing over 500 posts most of which touch on the general political and social issues raised here, from ghostwriting to Sense about Science, Clinical Trials and lack of access to the trial data.  Perhaps most important are a set of posts around the death of Stephen O’Neill and the implications of his death for all of us – see video links below.

On RxISK.org, another blog has been running since 2012. This contains approximately 500 pieces which hinge on specific adverse events, including the psychiatric effects of drugs for asthma, Anne-Marie’s case, the enduring sexual dysfunctions following antidepressants, finasteride and isotretinoin, as well as dependence on, withdrawal from and birth defects linked to antidepressants and problems on other drugs from the statins to the bisphosphonates.

Some key materials are linked to The Psychopharmacologists volumes 1-4 which contain 100 interviews with figures in the field.  These can all be found at and downloaded from Samizdat.org/The Psychopharmacologists.  The interviews from volume 4 have never been published.

The materials below are articles and books being read around the time each of the Shipwreck chapters were being written, which for the most part have not been referenced in the articles and books above. The better part of thirty years worth of materials in the books and articles above are not listed here.

I have undoubtedly stolen from friends, colleagues and opponents and will be happy to add in things that may seem obvious to some readers but which I’ve forgotten – adding is one of the advantages to an online format for Sources.

Video

The videos below cover central Shipwreck issues.

Shipwreck Maastricht (2019)

Shipwreck Bangor (2019)

Sex and Evidence Based Medicine (2021)

These three lectures give a precis of the Shipwreck problem.  The first two are not for the squeamish – there are 4 decapitations. The third contains sexual material that may offend some.

The Death of Stephen O’Neill

The Perfect Killing Machine

These two clips about Stephen O’Neill’s death encapsulate the Shipwreck issues. There is extensive correspondence about his death with Ministers of Health, NICE Guidelines, Regulators and others on davidhealy.org. These make it painfully clear the authorities know about the problems but have opted to wash their hands.

HealthCare or Health Services

A Pill for Neoliberalism

These two lectures look at Shipwreck through an Economics is from Mars and Medicine from Venus lens rather than Decapitation.

Time to Abandon Evidence Based Medicine

Does My Bias Look Big in This

A key Shipwreck claim is that Controlled Trials can be useful but we need to be cautious in how we use their findings.

Study 329: The Famous Grouse

Antidepressants and Children

All of the problems Shipwreck tackles show up in the use of antidepressants for children and especially in Study 329.

Drug Story:  The Antidepressant Era

Better to Die on Your Feet

Psychotropic Drugs and Violence 

Pharmageddon and Slow Medicine

A series of related lectures.

Antidepressants and Sex

Post SSRI Sexual Dysfunction. PSSD

Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder PGAD

Sex has the capacity to disrupt everything, including the best laid plans of the pharmaceutical industry

Introduction

Revolution

  • Bynum WE (1994). Science and the Practice of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge U. Press.
  • Darnton, R. (1968). Mesmerism and the End of the Enlightenment in France. Harvard U. Press.
  • Deaton A (2016).  On Death and Money.  JAMA
  • Félix Vicq d’Azyr 1748-1794. http://medarus.org/Medecins/MedecinsTextes/vicq_dazyr.htm
  • Foucault M (1962).  The Birth of the Clinic. on Web
  • Foucault M (2004). The Crisis of Medicine or the Crisis of Antimedicine? Foucault Studies 1, 5-19,
  • Healy D (1993). Images of Trauma. Faber & Faber, London.
  • Johnson CH (1971). Communism and the Working Class before Marx: The Icarian Experience. The American Historical Review 76, 3, 642-689.
  • Louis PCA cited in Rawlins M D (1990). Development of a rational practice of therapeutics.  BMJ 301, 729-733.
  • Rosenberg C E (1979).  The Therapeutic Revolution. in Vogel M J, Rosenberg C E Eds, The Therapeutic Revolution.  U. of Pennsylvania Press, p 20.
  • Lecuyer BP, Brian E (2000). L’argent, La Vie, La Mort: Les Recherches Sociales De Louis-Rene Villermé sur la Mortalite Differentielle selon le Revenu (1822-1830). Math. & Sci. hum. 149, 31-60
  • Peter J-P (1967). Une enquête de la Société royale de médecine : malades et maladies à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations 711-751.
  • Risse GB (1999). Mending Bodies, Saving Souls.  Oxford U Press, New York.
  • Scull A (2019). Psychiatry and its Discontents. Collected Essays. U of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Tarde G (1890). Les lois de l’imitation.  Paris, Alcan
  • Tarde G (1895). La Logique sociale.  Paris, Alcan.
  • Valentin M (1932). Louis-René Villermé (1782-1863). Aperçu biographique. Communication présentée à la séance du 11 décembre 1932 de la Société française d’histoire de la médecine
  • Villermé, Louis René (1840). Tableau de l’etat physique et moral des ouvriers employes dans les manufactures de coton, de laine, et de soie.  Paris, J Renard
  • Weisz G (2006). Divide and Conquer. A comparative history of medical specialization. Oxford U. Press.

Pinel References

  • Pinel P 1800. Traité médico-philosophique sur l’aliénation mentale ou la Manie. Translated by Davis D as Treatise on Alienation in 1806.
  • Pinel P (1809/2008). A Treatise on Mental Alienation – Traité médico-philosophique sur l’aliénation mentale.  Translated Hickish G, Healy D, Charland LC, J Wiley & Sons Chichester.
  • Goldstein J (1987). Console and Classify. Cambridge U. Press.
  • Makari G. (2105). Soul Machine. WW Norton and Co., New York.
  • Weiner DB. (1999). Comprende et Soigner. Fayard Paris.
  • Weiner DB. (1993). The Citizen Patient in Revolutionary and Imperial Paris. Johns Hopkins U. Press

Decapitation

  • Beinart P (2014). Liberal is Good.  The Atlantic.  Feb 5th 2014.
  • British Medical Journal (1902).  Secret Remedies 1.
  • British Medical Journal (1912).  Secret Remedies 2
  • Carroll PE (2002). Medical Police and the History of Public Health. Medical History 46, 461-494.
  • Cook HJ (1989). Policing the Health of London. Society for the Social History of Medicine 1-32.
  • Cooter R. Luckin B (1997). Accidents in History.  Clio Medica, Rodopi, Amsterdam.
  • Cooter R. ‘Framing’ the end of the social history of biomedicine.  In Cooter R, Writing History in the Age of Biomedicine.
  • Durbach N (2005). Bodily Matters: the anti-vaccination movement in England 1853-1997. Duke U. Press.
  • Engels F (1845).  The Condition of the Working Class in England.  Otto Wigand, London 1892.
  • Febvre L (1982). The Problem of Unbelief in the 16th Century. Harvard U. Press..
  • Fox A (2009). William Petty, Ireland and the Making of a Political Economist: 1653-1687. The Economic History Review 62, 388-404.
  • Graunt J (1685). Bills of Mortality.  Royal Society London.
  • Halliday S (2003). Duncan of Liverpool: Britain’s First Medical Officer. J Med Biography 11, 142-149.
  • Halliday S (2007). The Great Filth. The History Press. Stroud Gloucester.
  • Hempel S (2007). The Strange Case of the Broad Street Pump. U of California Press.
  • Henry VIII (1542). The Herbalists Charter – The Herbalists Charter
  • Higgins PM (2007). Punish or Treat? Medical Care in English Prisons. 1770-1850. Trafford Press.
  • Hill C (1972). The World Turned Upside Down. Radical Ideas during the English Revolution.  Peregrine Books.
  • Kearns G (2000), Town Hall and Whitehall: Sanitary Intelligence in Liverpool 1840-1863. In Sheard S., Power H. (eds) Body and City: Histories of Urban Public Health. Ashgate, Aldershot.  On web.
  • Klein DB (2014). The Origin of Liberalism. The Atlantic Feb 13.
  • Krueger L, Daston LJ, Heidelberger M (1987). The Probabilistic Revolution vol 1. MIT Press.
  • Krueger L, Gigerenzer G, Morgan MS (1990). The Probabilistic Revolution vol 2. MIT Press.
  • Lafont O. A stroll through the collections of Pharmacopoeias of the order of pharmacists in Paris.
  • Laxton, P (2000). Fighting For Public Health: Dr Duncan and His Adversaries, 1847-1863. In Sheard S, Power H. (eds) Body and City: Histories of Urban Public Health. Ashgate, Aldershot. 2000.
  • Paris H (1938). Manchester’s Board of Health in 1796. Isis 28, 26-37.
  • Pelling M (1978). Cholera, Fever and English Medicine 1825-1875. Oxford U. Press.
  • Petty W (2009). Essays on Mankind and Political Arithmetic. Bibliobazaar, Charleston S.C.
  • Porter D. The History of Public Health: Current Themes and Approaches
  • Rosen G (1993). A History of Public Health. John Hopkins U. Press, Baltimore.
  • Smith FB (1979). The People’s Health. 1830-1910.  Weidenfield Nicolson London.
  • Susser M, Adelstein A (1975). An Introduction to the work of William Farr. Amer J Epidemiology 101.
  • Thomas K (1971). Religion and the Decline of Magic. Penguin Books.
  • Thomas K (1983). Man and the Natural World. Penguin Books.
  • Walmsley J, Waldmann F (2019). John Locke and the Toleration of Catholics. The Historical J 1-23.
  • Wilson B (2008). Swindled: Poison Sweets to Counterfeit Coffee – The Dark History of Food Cheats. John Murray, Manchester.

The Two Medicines

  • Baumann Z (1981).  Modernity and The Holocaust. Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Bauman, Z. Sociology After the Holocaust. Lowy, N. Marx and Weber: Critics of Capitalism. http://newpol.org/prints/content/marx-and-waber-critics-capitalism. Accessed Dec 12th 2016.
  • Carroll PE (2002). Medical Police and the History of Public Health. Medical History 46, 461-494.
  • Cooter R. Luckin B (1997). Accidents in History.  Clio Medica, Rodopi, Amsterdam.
  • Frank JP (1790). The People’s Misery, Mother of Diseases. Trans. Sigerist, H.E. Bull History of Medicine 1941, 9, 88-100.
  • Gabriel JM (2014). Medical Monopoly. U. of Chicago Press.
  • Harvey D (2009).  Marx, Capital and the Madness of Economic Reason. Profile Books, London.
  • Hobsbawm E (2011). How to Change the World.  Reflections on Marx and Marxism. Yale U Press. On Web
  • Levinger M (2000). Enlightened Nationalism. The Transformation of Prussian Political Culture: 1806-1848. Oxford U. Press.
  • Marx K, Engels F (1848).  The Communist Manifesto. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth Middlesex.
  • Marx K  Interview 1875.
  • McNeely IF (2002). Medicine on a Grand Scale: Rudolf Virchow, Liberalism and the Public Health. The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.
  • Muller R, Milles D (2005). The Role of Industrial Pathogenicity as a Causal and Final Argument for the German Social Insurance System. In Nelson MC (Ed) Occupational and Public Health.
  • Rosen G (1947). What is Social Medicine? Bull Hist Med 21: 674-733.
  • Rosen G (1974). 0 From medical police to social medicine.  Watson Academic, New York.
  • Weber M(1919).  Politics as a vocation.
  • Wheen F (1999).  Karl Marx. Fourth Estate, London.
  • Weindling P (1986). The Social History of Occupational Health. Croom Helm London.

The Business of America

  • Altman LK (1987). Who Goes First? Random House, New York.
  • Applbaum K (2004).  The Marketing Era. New York, Routledge.
  • Baker SJ (1939). Fighting for Life. New York Review Book, New York.
  • Beecher H (1955). The powerful placebo. JAMA 159,1602-1606.
  • Biggs HM (1908). Brief history of the campaign against tuberculosis in New York City. Trieste Publishing Pty Ltd. Original
  • Biggs HM (1920). A manual of public health nursing. State Department of Health, Albany, New York.
  • Bloom SW (2002). The Word as Scalpel. A History of Medical Sociology. Oxford U Press.
  • Buhler-Wilkinson K (1993).  Public health then and now.  American J Public Health 83, 1778-1786.
  • Carpenter D (2010). Reputation and Power. Organisation Image and Pharmaceutical Regulation at the FDA. Princeton U. Press.
  • Carroll J, Agramonte A, Lazear JW, Reed W (1900). The Aetiology of Yellow Fever. The Philadelphia Medical Journal. Oct 27, 790-96.
  • Cooter R (2003). Of War and Epidemics. J Soc Social History of Medicine 16, 283-302.
  • Crenner C (2006). Private Practice. In the Early Twentieth-Century Medical Office of Dr. Richard Cabot. Johns Hopkins U. Press,
  • Dreyfus WM (1910). History and chemistry of disinfectants. J Am Public Health Assoc.
  • Dubos RJ (1951). Biological and social aspects of tuberculosis.  The Bulletin, 351-369.
  • Dubos RJ (1996). The White Plague. Rutgers U. Press, New Jersey.
  • Fee E,Bu L (2010). The Origins of Public Health Nursing: The Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service. Am J Public Health 100.
  • Flexner A (1910). Medical Education in the United States and Canada. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. N York. On Web.
  • Fox D (1986), From TB to AIDS: Value Conflicts in Reporting Disease. Hastings Center Reports 16, 11-16
  • Fox, DM (1975). Social Policy and City Politics: Tuberculosis Reporting in New York, 1889-1900. Bulletin of the History of Medicine. Vol. 49, 2, 169-175.
  • Freeman JT (1988).  Dr Alfred J Worcester. Early exponent of modern geriatrics.  Bull N Y Acad Med 64, 246-251.
  • Gabriel RA (2013). Between Flesh and Steel. A History of Military Medicine. U of Nebraska Press.
  • Harrison’s Narcotics Tax Act 1914.  Full Text.
  • Hilts PJ (2003). Protecting America’s Health. The FDA, Business and 100 years of regulation. Alfred A Knopf, New York.
  • Kerr D (1992). Alfred Worcester: A pioneer in palliative care. Am J Hospice & Palliative Care May, 13-36.
  • Liebenau J (1987). Medical Science and Medical Industry. Macmillan Press Basingstoke.
  • Linden S (2016). They Called It Shell Shock. Combat Stress in the First World War. Helion and Co. Ltd. Warwick.
  • Perkins JE (1954).  The National Tuberculosis Association Public Health Reports 69, 513-518.
  • Pernick MV (1995). A Calculus of Suffering. Colombia U Press.
  • Rosenberg CE (1987). The Care of Strangers. Johns Hopkins U Press.
  • Rosenberg CE (2007). Our Present Complaint. Johns Hopkins U Press.
  • Rosenberg CE (1997). No Other Gods. Johns Hopkins U Press,
  • Rothman SM (1993). Seek and Hide: Public Health Departments and Persons with Tuberculosis, 1890–1940. J of Law Medicine and Ethics 21, 289-295
  • Specht J (2019).  Red Meat Republic: A Hoof to Table history of how Beef changed America.  Princeton U. Press.
  • Starr P (1982). The Social Transformation of American Medicine. Basic Books, N York.
  • Starr P (2002). Remedy and Reaction. The Peculiar American Struggle Over Healthcare and Reform. Yale U Press.
  • Streter S (2003). The population health approach in historical perspective. Am J Public Health 93, 421-431.
  • Temin P (1980). Taking your Medicine. Drug Regulation in the United States. Harvard U. Press.
  • Tomes N (1998). The Gospel of Germs. Harvard U Press.
  • Tomes N (2016). Remaking the American Patient. U of North Carolina Press.
  • Whooley O (2013). Knowledge in the Time of Cholera. U of Chicago Press.
  • Winslow CA (1929). The Life of Hermann M Biggs. Lea & Febiger, Phila Pa.
  • Young JH (1987). The Medical Messiahs. A social history of health quackery in 20th century America. Princeton U Press.

The Buyers, the Sellers, the Planners

  • Altman S. Shactman D (2011). Power Politics and Universal Health Care. Prometheus Books, N York.
  • Avorn J (2005). Powerful Medicines. The benefits, risks and costs of prescription drugs.Vintage N York.
  • Beecher HK (1955). The Powerful Placebo. JAMA 159, 1602-1606.
  • Bichler J (1981). DES Daughter. Avon Books, New York.
  • Burleigh M (1994). Death and Deliverance. Cambridge U Press.
  • Carson R (1965). Silent Spring. Penguin Books.
  • Conley JG (2006). Environmentalism contained: A history of corporate responses to the new environmentalism. PhD Thesis, Princeton Univ.
  • Cooter R (1990). Medicine and the Goodness of War. CBMH/BCHM 7, 147-159.
  • Cooter R (2010). The Turn of the Body. History and the Politics of the Corporeal. Arbor Ciencia 186. 393-405.
  • Cooter R (2004). Framing and the End of the Social History of Medicine.
  • Cooter R (2007). After Death/After-‘Life’: The Social History of Medicine in Post Post-Modernity. Social History of Medicine 20, 441-464.
  • Cooter R (1987). The Meaning of Fractures. Medical History 31, 306-332.
  • Corning PA (1969).  The Evolution of Medicare.
  • Dickinson E (2011). GDP: a brief history. One stat to rule them all. Foreign Policy.
  • Fair L (2014). FTC Milestones: Weighing in on Weight Loss Cases. www.ftc.gov/news/events. 2014.
  • Freer RE. Address on the Wheeler Lea Act. Biltmore Hotel, New York. May 17th 1938. On Web.
  • Galambos L. Sewel JE (1995). Networks of Innovation. Cambridge U Press.
  • Gould T (1993). A Summer Plague. Polio and Its Survivors. Yale U Press.
  • Greene JA (2007). Prescribing by Numbers.  Johns Hopkins U Press.
  • Greene JA, Condrau F, Watkins ES (2016). Therapeutic Revolutions. Johns Hopkins U Press.
  • Hager T (2006). The Demon Under the Microscope. Harmony Books, New York.
  • Hunter E (1951).  Brainwashing in Red China. NY Vanguard Books
  • Kennedy JF (1962). Special Message to Congress on Protecting the Consumer Interest. March 15.
  • Ketting C (2014). Smoking Kills. The Revolutionary Life of Richard Doll. Signal Books, Oxford.
  • Langston FN (2010). Toxic Bodies, Hormone Disruptors and the Legacy of DES. Yale U Press.
  • Latour, B (2004). Why Has Critique Run Out of Steam? Critical Enquiry 30, 225-248.
  • Lasagna L, Mosteller F, von Felsinger J, Beecher H (1954). A study of the placebo response.  Am J Medicine 770-779.
  • Linden S (2016). They Called It Shell Shock. Helion and Co. Ltd. 2016.
  • Markowitz G, Rosner D (2002), Deceit and Denial. The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution. U of California Press.
  • Marks HM (1995). Revisiting the Origins of Compulsory Drug Prescriptions. Am J Public Health 85, 109-115.
  • Marks LV (2001). Sexual Chemistry: a History of the Contraceptive Pill. Yale U Press..
  • Morris JN (1955).  Uses of epidemiology.  BMJ, 395-401
  • Newman G (1919). An Outline of the Practice of Preventive Medicine. HM Stationery Office, Lond.
  • Newman G (1939). The Building of a Nations Health. Macmillan London.
  • Porter T (1995). Trust in Numbers. Princeton U Press.
  • Pringle P (2012). Experiment Eleven.  Dark Secrets behind the Discovery of a Wonder Drug. Bloomsbury, London.
  • Renwick C (2017).  Bread for All. The Origins of the Welfare State. Allen Lane, Harmondsworth.
  • Rooke T (2012). The Quest for Cortisone. Michigan State U Press.
  • Rothman DJ (1997). Beginnings Count: The Technological Imperative in American Healthcare. Oxford U Press.
  • Sheffer E (2018). Asperger’s Children. WW Norton & Co., New York.
  • Starr P (1982). The Social Transformation of American Medicine. Basic Books, N York.
  • Starr P (2002). Remedy and Reaction. The Peculiar American Struggle Over Healthcare and Reform. Yale U Press.
  • Sturdy S, Cooter R (1998). Science, Scientific Management and the Transformation of Medicine in Britain 1870-1950. Hist. Science 36, 421-466.
  • Sunyoto T (2020). Research Synthesis.: Biosecurity: Research and Development.
  • Weisz G (2014).  Chronic Disease in the Twentieth Century. Johns Hopkins U Press.

Accidents of Birth

The argument about controlled trials in this section was written up as The Fault Lies in Our Stars.  This is on DavidHealy.org.  An earlier version was sent out to the following who responded largely supportive (N indicates negative), and responses are built into the current version.

Tom Ban and the INHN listserv, Corrado Barbui, Lisa Bero, Alan Cassels, Angus Deaton, Andrew Leigh (author of Randomistas), Silvio Garattini (& Mario Negri Institute), Juan Gervas, Peter Gøtzsche, Jeremy Howick, Irving Kirsch (N), Joan-Ramon LaPorte, Joel Lexchin (N), John MacMillan, Leemon McHenry, Barbara Mintzes, Florian Naudet, Abel Novoa, Anne Springer, Jacob Stegenga, Sean Valles,

The Responses are in Fawlty Stars.

Some of the following declined because of time issues. All future responses will be added in on dh.org.

Virginia Barbour, Paul Glasziou, Ralph Edwards and Rebecca Chandler of UMC, Prescrire in Paris, Carl Heneghan Tom Jefferson and Nicholas DeVito linked to the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford, University of Toronto Dept Statistics, McMaster University Dept of EBM, John Ioannides, Aaron Kesselheim, Harlan Krumholz, Vinay Prasad,

Neo-Medicalism

  • Allen HJ (1980).  PW Bridgman and BF Skinner on Private Experience. Behaviorism 8, 15-29
  • Caplan G (1964). Principals of Preventive Psychiatry. Tavistock Publication.
  • Chandler ADJ (1977). The visible hand: The managerial revolution in American business. The Belknap Press.
  • Crozier M, Huntington S, Watanuki J (1975).  The Crisis of Democracy.  N York University Press.
  • Dunham HW (1928). Social Psychiatry. Am Sociological Review 8, 180-197.
  • Eisenberg L (1997).  A very British kind of social psychiatry.  BJP 171, 309-313
  • Fernandez R, Klinge TJ (2020).  The financialisation of Big Pharma. Stichting Onderzoek Multinationale Ondernemingen, Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations
  • Fink C, Gassert P, Junker D (1968).  The World Transformed. Cambridge U Press.
  • Friedman M (1994), Preface: Hayek F. The Road to Serfdom. Chicago U Press.
  • Halliwell M (2014). Therapeutic Revolutions. Medicine, Psychiatry and American Culture 1945-1970. Rutgers U Press.
  • Harvey D (2005).  A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford U Press.
  • Hayek F (1944/1994), The Road to Serfdom. Chicago U Press.
  • Goffman E (1961).  Asylums.  Penguin Books Harmondsworth.
  • Illich I (1976). Limits to Medicine, Penguin Books.
  • Jeffries S (2016). Grand Hotel Abyss: The Lives of the Frankfurt School. Verso, London.
  • Jensen MC, Meckling WH (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. J Financial Economics 3, 305-360
  • Kline RR (2015). The Cybernetics Moment.  Why we call our age the information age. Johns Hopkins U Press.
  • Laravitas C (2013).  Profiting without Producing.  How Finance Exploits Us All.  Verso, London.
  • Marcuse H (1964). One Dimensional Man. Routledge. New York.
  • McLaren P (2009). James Burnham, The Managerial Revolution, and the Development of Management Theory in Post-War America
  • McKeown T (1979). The Role of Medicine. Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Noble DF (1984 – 2011). Forces of Production. Transaction Publishers
  • Nodoushan O (1996). The promises of managerial revolution theory. J Management History 2, 3-20.
  • Notturno M (2009) Popper and Hayek: On Democracy and Open Society. Libertas Segundo 1-30.
  • Notturno M (2018). Hayek and Popper: On Rationality, Economism, and Democracy. Routledge
  • Reagan PD (1999). Designing a new America: The origins of new deal planning, 1890-1943. U Massachusetts Press.
  • Rosen G (1947). What is Social Medicine? Bull Hist Med 21: 674-733.
  • Rosen G (1959). Social Stress and Mental Disease from the 18th Century to the present: Some Origins of Social Psychiatry. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 37,  5-32.
  • Scheff TJ (1966). Being Mentally Ill. Aldine Degruyter, New York.
  • Shorter E, Fink M (2010). Endocrine Psychiatry.  Oxford U Press.
  • Smith MC (1985).  A Social History of the Minor Tranquilizers. Pharmaceutical Products Press, N York
  • Staub ME (2012). Madness is Civilisation. Chicago U Press.
  • Streeck W (2017).  How Will Capitalism End? Verso,
  • Streeck W (2019). The European Union is a liberal empire, and it is about to fall. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2019/03/06/long-read-the-european-union-is-a-liberal-empire-and-it-is-about-to-fall/
  • Streeck W (2019). The International State System after Neoliberalism: Europe between National Democracy and Supranational Centralization. Lecture in Human Sciences at the Institut für die Wissenschaft vom Menschen, Vienna, June 5.
  • Wiener N (1947). The Human use of Human Beings. A scientist rebels.  Atlantic Monthly
  • Wiener N (1964).  God and Golem
  • Winter R (2009) Academic manager or managed academic? Academic identity schisms in higher education, J Higher Education Policy and Management 31, 121-131,
  • Wren DA (2005). The history of management thought. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Young AP (1997).  Competing ideologies in health care: a personal perspective. Nursing Ethics 4,191-201

Access to Medicines

William Haddad

Most of Bill Haddad’s papers were lost when a fire consumed his house. Given so colourful a career, any number of people might have been motivated to ensure his papers never saw the light of day. Some remaining papers can be found in the New York State Archive in Albany, where the library staff are wonderfully helpful.

Another key source was Alfred Engelberg, whose interview is posted along with those from the Psychopharmacologists on Samizdat.org/Shipwreck.

Louis Lasagna

  • Lasagna L (1962). The Doctors Dilemmas. Harper Brothers, New York.
  • Lasagna L (1968). Life, Death and the Doctor. Alfred Knopf, New York.
  • Lasagna has several hundred peer reviewed articles; many on Samizdat.org or online.
  • Lasagna L (1998).  Interview with Healy D see Psychopharmacology references.

His papers are in the Archive at Rochester, New York, where the library staff just like those in Albany are extraordinarily friendly and helpful.

General Chapter Sources

Big Risk

  • Adam B, Beck U, van Loon J. (eds) (2000). The Risk Society and Beyond. Sage, London.
  • Bate R (1997). What Risk? Science, Politics and Public Health. Butterworth Heinemann, London.
  • Bauman Z (2000). Liquid Modernity, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Bauman Z (2003). Liquid Love.  Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Bauman Z (2000). Modernity and the Holocaust, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Behrent MD (2010).  Accidents Happen. Francois Ewald, the ‘Antirevolutionary’ Foucault, and the intellectual politics of the French Welfare State. J Modern History 82, 585-624.
  • Cassels A (2012). Seeking Sickness. Greystone Books.
  • Cassels A (2015). The Cochrane Collaboration.  Agio Publishing.
  • Cochrane A (1989). One Man’s Medicine. BMJ Press. London.
  • Cylus J, Smith P (2020). The economy of wellbeing. BMJ 369: m1874
  • Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE et al (2002). Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE). Lancet 359, 995–1003
  • Davies SC (2014). Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer 2013. Public Mental Health Priorities: Investing in the Evidence. Department of Health. London.
  • Dumit J (2012). Drugs for Life. Duke U Press.
  • Elliott A (2000). Beck’s Sociology of Risk: A Critical Assessment. Sociology 36, 293-315.
  • Ewald F (1986). L’Etat Providence. B Grasset, Paris.
  • Foucault M (2004/2008). The Birth of Biopolitics.  Palgrave MacMillan
  • Giddens A (1999). Risk and Responsibility. The Modern Law Review 62, 1-10.
  • Guo J (2020)  Safety and Risk-Benefit analysis. in Piantadosi, C. Meinert (eds.), Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials,
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Footprints in the Sand

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Shadow Government

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Media

Hitting the Reef

The major resource for this chapter is Study329.org.  This site contains all the timelines, published papers and company and other documents that underpin these issues, along with video of programs made on the issues, lectures given and other materials.

Also on the site are the Zyprexa papers – linked to Jim Gottstein’s book The Zyprexa Papers.  Between the Study 329 papers and the Zyprexa papers, this site offers more pharmaceutical company materials than any site on earth other than the UCSF DIDA site.  We offer Guides to the origin of the documents in Children of the Cure and The Zyprexa Papers, both of which can be made available for free to individuals or groups who want to engage with these issues.

Another central element of this chapter is the James Holmes case.  Panorama made a Feature on Holmes this. I was an expert witness in the case and wrote a report.

Once is Not Never

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Thalidomide

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What’s Done Cannot be Undone

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Crusoe we say was “Rescued”

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Lasagna Articles

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  • Lasagna L, Mosteller F, von Felsinger J, Beecher H (1954). A study of the placebo response.  American J Medicine 770-779.
  • Lasagna L, Von Felsinger JM. The volunteer subject in research. Science 120, 359-61, 1954.
  • Lasagna L, Beecher HK. The optimal dose of morphine. JAMA 156, 230-4, 1954.
  • Lasagna L. Nalorphine (n-allylnormorphine); practical and theoretical considerations. A.M.A. Archives of Internal Medicine  94: 532-58, 1954.
  • Lasagna L, Beecher HK. The analgesic effectiveness of codeine and meperidine (demerol). J Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics 112, 306-11, 1954.
  • Lasagna L. The controlled clinical trial: theory and practice. J Chronic Diseases 1, 353-67, 1955.
  • Lasagna L. A study of hypnotic drugs in patients with chronic diseases; comparative efficacy of placebo; methyprylon (noludar) meprobamate (miltown, equanil) pentobarbital; phenobarbital; secobarbital. J Chronic Diseases 3, 122-33, 1956.
  • Lasagna L, Meier P. Clinical evaluation of drugs. Annual Review of Medicine 9, 347-54, 1958.
  • Lasagna L. The drug industry and American medicine. J Chronic Diseases.  7: 440-3, 1958.
  • Lasagna L, Laties VG, Dohan JL. Further studies on the pharmacology of placebo administration. J Clinical Investigation 37, 533-7, 1958.
  • Lasagna L. A training program in clinical pharmacology. Postgraduate Medicine 26: 559-61,1959.
  • Lasagna L (1960). Thalidomide, a new nonbarbiturate sleep–inducing drug. J ChronDis11, 627-31
  • Lasagna L The role of a division of clinical pharmacology in a university environment. Postgraduate Medicine 29, 525-8, 1961.
  • Hoehn R, Gross G, Gross M, Lasagna L. A double-blind comparison of placebo and imipramine in the treatment of depressed patients in a state hospital. J Psychiatric Research 1, 76-91, 1961.
  • Lasagna L Analgesic drugs.  American J Medical Sciences 242, 620-7, 1961.
  • Lasagna L. A matter of perspective.  J Chronic Diseases 15: 3-5, 1962.
  • Lasagna L. Controlled trials: nuisance or necessity? Methods of Information in Medicine 1, 79-82, 1962.
  • Lasagna L. The investigator’s responsibility to the patient. J Chronic Diseases 16, 955-9, 1963.
  • Lasagna L. Problems of drug development. The government, the drug industry, the universities, and the medical profession: Partners or enemies?  Science 145, 362-7, 1964.
  • Lasagna L. The diseases drugs cause. Perspectives in Biology & Medicine 7, 457-70, 1964.
  • Lasagna L. Drug toxicity in man: The problem and the challenge. Ann NY Acad Sciences 123, 312-5, 1965
  • Lasagna L. The mind and morality of the doctor 1. The physician and the microcosm.  Yale J Biology & Medicine 37, 345-60, 1965.
  • Lasagna L. The mind and morality of the doctor 11. The physician and the macrocosm. Yale J Biology & Medicine 37, 361-78, 1965.
  • Lasagna L. The quantification of desired and undesired effects of reproductive controls; some principles and problems. J Chronic Diseases 18, 1173-9, 1965.
  • Lasagna L. Is narcotic addiction a chronic disease? J Chronic Diseases 19, 949-51, 1966.
  • Lasagna L. The clinical pharmacologist as a servant of society. Canadian Med Assoc J 97, 109-13, 1967.
  • Sjoqvist F, Lasagna L. The hypnotic efficacy of doxylamine. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 8, 48-54, 1967.
  • Stolley PD, Lasagna L. Prescribing patterns of physicians. J Chronic Diseases 22, 395-405, 1969.
  • Lasagna L. The pharmaceutical revolution: its impact on science and society. Science 166, 1227-33, 1969.
  • Epstein LC, Lasagna L. Obtaining informed consent. Form or substance. Arch Int Med123, 682-8, 1969.
  • Lasagna L. Challenges in drug evaluation in man. Ann Review Pharmacology 10, 413-20, 1970.
  • Becker MH, Stolley PD, Lasagna L, McEvilla JD, Sloane LM. Characteristics and attitudes of physicians associated with the prescribing of chloramphenicol. HSMHA Health Reports.  86, 993-1003, 1971.
  • Lasagna L. FDA ‘efficacy’ rule: does it work? Missouri Medicine 68, 712-4, 1971.
  • Lasagna L. Preferences in antibiotic prescribing. BMJ 3: 474, 1971.
  • Macaraeg PV, Lasagna L, Bianchine JR. A study of hospital staff attitudes concerning the comparative merits of antibiotics. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 12, 1-12, 1971.
  • Lasagna L. The impact of scientific models on clinical psychopharmacology: a pharmacologist’s view. Seminars in Psychiatry 4, 271-82, 1972.
  • Lasagna L. The nature of evidence. Triangle 11,145-52, 1972.
  • Lasagna L. Hypnotic drugs. New England Journal of Medicine 287: 1182-4, 1972.
  • Becker MH;  Stolley PD;  Lasagna L;  McEvilla JD;  Sloane LM. Differential education concerning therapeutics and resultant physician prescribing patterns. J Medical Education  47, 118-27, 1972.
  • Lasagna L. Research, regulation, and development of new pharmaceuticals: past, present, and future. 1. American J Medical Sciences 263, 9-18, 1972.  II. American J Medical Sciences 263, 66-78, 1972.
  • Lasagna L. Constraints on innovation in drug development and use. Psychopharmacology Bulletin.  8, 43-50, 1972.
  • Lasagna L. Minimum acceptable requirements for introduction and marketing of drugs. Drugs.  7, 409-13, 1974.
  • Mundy GR, Fleckenstein L, Mazzullo JM, Sundaresan PR, Weintraub M, Lasagna L. Current medical practice and the Food and Drug Administration. Some evidence for the existing gap. JAMA 229, 1744-8, 1974.
  • Lasagna L. Editorial: A plea for the “naturalistic” study of medicines. European J Clinical Pharmacology 7, 153-4, 1974.
  • Morgan JP, Wardell WM, Weintraub M, Mazzullo JM, Lasagna L. Clinical trials and tribulations. Archives of Internal Medicine 134, 380-3, 1974.
  • Dengler HJ, Lasagna L. Report of a workshop on fixed-ratio drug combinations. European J Clinical Pharmacology 8, 149-54, 1975.
  • Joubert P, Lasagna L. Commentary: Patient package inserts. I. Nature, notions, and needs. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 18, 507-13, 1975.
  • Joubert P, Lasagna L. Patient package inserts. II. Toward a rational patient package insert. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 18, 663-9, 1975.
  • Karch FE, Lasagna L. Adverse drug reactions. A critical review.  JAMA 234, 1236-41, 1975.
  • Lasagna L. Clinical trials of drugs from the viewpoint of the academic investigator (a satire). Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 18, 629-33, 1975.
  • Lasagna L, Wardell WM. Commentary: the FDA, politics, and the public. JAMA 232,141-2, 1975.
  • Lasagna L. Drug discovery and introduction: regulation and overregulation. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 20, 507-11, 1976.
  • Lasagna L. Randomized clinical trials. NEJM  295,1086-7, 1976.
  • Lasagna L. Consensus among experts: the unholy grail. Perspectives in Biology & Medicine 19, 537-48, 1976.
  • Karch FE, Smith CL, Kerzner B, Mazzullo JM, Weintraub M, Lasagna L. Adverse drug reactions-a matter of opinion. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 19, 489-92, 1976.
  • Binns TB, Gross F, Lasagna L, Nicolis FB. Letter: Medical advisers in the pharmaceutical industry. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 19, 247-8, 1976.
  • Fleckenstein L, Joubert P, Lawrence R, Patsner B, Mazzullo JM, Lasagna L. Oral contraceptive patient information. A questionnaire study of attitudes, knowledge, and preferred information sources.  JAMA 235,1331-6, 1976.
  • Wardell WM, Hassar M, Anavekar SN, Lasagna L. The rate of development of new drugs in the United States, 1963 through 1975. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 24, 133-45, 1978..
  • Lasagna L. The development and regulation of new medications. Science 200, 871-3, 1978.
  • Lasagna L. Generic substitution: trick or treat? JAMA.  239, 1888, 1978.
  • Lasagna L. Wanted: a new type of consumer advocate for drugs. NEJM 298, 906, 1978.
  • Lasagna L. The impact of regulations on the development of psychoactive drugs. NIDA Research Monograph 27, 29-35, 1979.
  • Lasagna L. Placebos and controlled trials under attack. European J Clinical Pharmacology.  15, 373-4, 1979.
  • Lasagna L. Drug Regulation Reform Act.  Psychopharmacology Bulletin 15, 54-6, 1979.
  • Udkow GP, Lasagna L, Weintraub M, Tamoshunas Z. The safety and efficacy of the estrogen patient package insert. A questionnaire study. JAMA 242, 536-9, 1979.
  • Lasagna L. The powerful cipher. Sciences-New York.  20:31-2, 1980.
  • Lasagna L. The Halcion story: trial by media. Lancet.  1: 815-6, 1980.
  • Lasagna L. Post-marketing surveillance. Triangle 19, 107-11, 1980.
  • Lasagna L. The World Health Organization list of “essential drugs.” Annals of Internal Medicine 93, 368-9, 1980.
  • Lasagna L. Analgesic methodology: a brief history and commentary. J Clinical Pharmacology  20, 373-6, 1980.
  • Francetic I, Lasagna L, Weintraub M, Karch FE. Prescription prices under the New York generic substitution law. Annals of Internal Medicine 92, 419-23, 1980.
  • Weintraub M, Glickstein S, Lasagna L. Estrogen patient package insert: medication acceptance despite negative attitudes. Clin Pharmac & Therapeutics 30, 149-53, 1981.
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The Shipwreck of the Singular
Healthcare’s Castaways
By Dr. David Healy

Publisher: Samizdat Health Writer’s Co-operatrive Inc.
Publish Date: Forthcoming in 2021